harden

/ˈhɑːrdən/

意味: 固くする、強くする

例文: June’s heart hardened after betrayal.
　　  ジューンの心は裏切りで固くなった。

言葉のよくある組み合わせ: harden one’s heart(心を固くする), harden the surface(表面を固くする), harden into(～に固まる)

定義: 物や心を固くすること。柔らかいものが固くなる、または強くなることを指します。たとえば、粘土が乾いて固くなることや、心が強くなって感情に影響されにくくなることを表します。

hardenは約300,000語に1回程度の頻出度です。

口語性、形式性、抽象度、感情度

水平グラフ: 会話での使われやすさ、フォーマル度、抽象度（具体・概念）、感情度を示します。数値が高いほど、その特徴が強いことを表します。

感情分析

レーダーチャート: 怒り、期待、嫌悪、恐れ、喜び、悲しみ、驚き、信頼、ポジティブ、ネガティブの強さを示します。

　年代別単語頻度グラフ

このグラフは、1900年からの単語出現頻度の推移を示しています。値は ×10⁻⁸ スケールで表示されています。

　

Definitions(定義)

Verb: become hard or harder
Verb: make hard or harder
Verb: harden by reheating and cooling in oil
Verb: make fit
Verb: cause to accept or become hardened to; habituate

Parts of Speech(品詞)

Verb

Examples(例文)

感情分析に使用された例文：

The clay will harden after drying in the sun.(粘土は日光で乾くと硬くなる。)
You need to harden your resolve to succeed.(成功するには決意を固める必要がある。)
Cold weather helps the concrete harden faster.(寒い天気はコンクリートを早く硬化させる。)

 

Word Netから抽出した例文：

Verb: The wax hardened
Verb: The cold hardened the butter
Verb: temper steel
Verb: This trip will season even the hardiest traveller
Verb: He was inured to the cold

Synonyms/Antonyms(類語/反意語)

Synonyms(類語): harden, indurate, inure, season, temper

Antonyms(反意語): soften

Hypernyms/Hyponyms(上位語/下位語)

Hypernyms (General categories)(上位語): change, habituate, modify, toughen

Coordinate Terms(同じ上位語をもつもの): acetylate, addict, adjust, alkalinize, americanize, ascend, assibilate, assimilate, assume, attemper, barbarize, boil, break, break into, brutalize, buffer, calcify, capacitate, carbonate, caseate, catch, catch on, change by reversal, change integrity, change magnitude, change posture, change shape, change state, change surface, clinker, collapse, come, come in, come round, commute, complexify, concretize, conjugate, convert, cool, corrupt, crack, crash, cream, creolize, cure, cushion, damage, darken, dawn, deaden, decalcify, decarboxylate, decay, decrepitate, deepen, defervesce, democratize, deoxidize, desalinate, destabilize, develop, die, digest, dim, discolor, dissimilate, distill, dress, drift, drop, dry, dull, evaporate, fail, fall, fall for, felt, feminize, flip, flocculate, fly, fold, form, format, foul, freshen, gel, gelatinize, give way, glaze, go out, gradate, grow, gum, harden, have, hush, hydrate, hydrolyze, ice up, incandesce, indurate, industrialize, inflect, introject, inure, ionize, isomerize, keratinize, leave, liberalize, lighten, make, mature, mellow, modernize, modify, mold, move, mutate, narrow, normalize, obsolesce, occult, opacify, optimize, oxidise, oxidize, pall, pass, plasticize, play out, prim, professionalize, promote, purify, qualify, recede, receive, recombine, reflate, regenerate, regress, rejuvenate, relax, reorient, repress, resume, reticulate, rise, roll, salinate, saponify, season, separate, sequester, settle, shade, shallow, shear, shift, smoothen, soften, solarize, soup up, specialize, spot, stabilize, stagnate, steepen, stiffen, stratify, strengthen, sublime, suburbanize, suffuse, superannuate, swing, syncopate, synthesize, teach, temper, tighten, transaminate, transform, transpire, turn, turn on, ulcerate, undergo, undulate, update, vascularize, vesiculate, vitrify, vulcanize, warm, warm up

Hyponyms (Specific examples)(下位語): anneal, calcify, callous, callus, cure, encrust, face-harden, steel oneself against

Derivationally Related Words(派生語)

Derivationally Related Words: hardening, induration, temper, temperance, tempering

Categories(カテゴリー)

Domain Categories: general

Usage Category: common

Usage Context: descriptive

Grammatical Notes:
intransitive verb, transitive verb

Prefixes/Suffixes(接頭辞/接尾辞)

Prefixes(接頭辞):

Suffixes(接尾辞): en

Exam Level

英検準1級

Media Appearance(メディア登場例)

Books(洋書): Atomic Habits, Holes

Movies(映画): The Bad Guys

Other Information(その他)

Is Abstract?(抽象的な言葉?) No

Is Emotion Word?(感情的な言葉?) No

Emotion Categories: