hard

/hɑrd/

意味: 固い、困難な

例文: Kai found the exam surprisingly hard.
　　  カイは試験が驚くほど難しいと感じた。

言葉のよくある組み合わせ: hard work(ハードワーク), hard decision(難しい決断), hard surface(硬い表面)

定義: 固い、難しい、または困難なことを表します。物理的に固いものや、精神的に難しい状況、または努力が必要なことを指すことがあります。

hardは約3,000語に1回程度の頻出度です。

口語性、形式性、抽象度、感情度

水平グラフ: 会話での使われやすさ、フォーマル度、抽象度（具体・概念）、感情度を示します。数値が高いほど、その特徴が強いことを表します。

感情分析

レーダーチャート: 怒り、期待、嫌悪、恐れ、喜び、悲しみ、驚き、信頼、ポジティブ、ネガティブの強さを示します。

　年代別単語頻度グラフ

このグラフは、1900年からの単語出現頻度の推移を示しています。値は ×10⁻⁸ スケールで表示されています。

　

Definitions(定義)

Adjective: not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure
Adjective: dispassionate
Adjective: resisting weight or pressure
Adjective: very strong or vigorous
Adjective: characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort
Adjective: produced without vibration of the vocal cords
Adjective: (of light) transmitted directly from a pointed light source
Adjective: (of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward or touching the velum
Adjective: given to excessive indulgence of bodily appetites especially for intoxicating liquors
Adjective: being distilled rather than fermented; having a high alcoholic content
Adjective: unfortunate or hard to bear
Adjective: dried out
Adverb: with effort or force or vigor
Adverb: with firmness
Adverb: earnestly or intently
Adverb: causing great damage or hardship
Adverb: slowly and with difficulty
Adverb: indulging excessively
Adverb: into a solid condition
Adverb: very near or close in space or time
Adverb: with pain or distress or bitterness
Adverb: to the full extent possible; all the way

Parts of Speech(品詞)

Adjective, Adverb

Examples(例文)

感情分析に使用された例文：

This exam is really hard to pass.(この試験は本当に合格が難しい。)
She works hard every single day.(彼女は毎日一生懸命働いている。)
The wood is too hard to cut easily.(その木は硬すぎて簡単に切れない。)

 

Word Netから抽出した例文：

Adjective: a difficult task
Adjective: nesting places on the cliffs are difficult of access
Adjective: difficult times
Adjective: why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?
Adjective: took a hard look
Adjective: a hard bargainer
Adjective: strong winds
Adjective: a hard left to the chin
Adjective: a knockout punch
Adjective: a severe blow
Adjective: worked their arduous way up the mining valley
Adjective: a grueling campaign
Adjective: hard labor
Adjective: heavy work
Adjective: heavy going
Adjective: spent many laborious hours on the project
Adjective: set a punishing pace
Adjective: unvoiced consonants such as `p’ and `k’ and `s’
Adjective: Russian distinguished between hard consonants and palatalized or soft consonants
Adjective: a hard drinker
Adjective: hard liquor
Adjective: had hard luck
Adjective: a tough break
Adjective: hard dry rolls left over from the day before
Adverb: the team played hard
Adverb: worked hard all day
Adverb: pressed hard on the lever
Adverb: hit the ball hard
Adverb: slammed the door hard
Adverb: held hard to the railing
Adverb: thought hard about it
Adverb: stared hard at the accused
Adverb: industries hit hard by the depression
Adverb: she was severely affected by the bank’s failure
Adverb: prejudices die hard
Adverb: he drank heavily
Adverb: concrete that sets hard within a few hours
Adverb: it stands hard by the railroad tracks
Adverb: they were hard on his heels
Adverb: a strike followed hard upon the plant’s opening
Adverb: he took the rejection very hard
Adverb: hard alee
Adverb: the ship went hard astern
Adverb: swung the wheel hard left

Synonyms/Antonyms(類語/反意語)

Synonyms(類語): arduous, backbreaking, concentrated, difficult, firmly, grueling, gruelling, hard, heavily, heavy, intemperate, intemperately, knockout, laborious, operose, punishing, severe, severely, strong, surd, toilsome, tough, unvoiced, voiceless

Antonyms(反意語): easy, lightly, soft, voiced

Hypernyms/Hyponyms(上位語/下位語)

Hypernyms (General categories)(上位語):

Coordinate Terms(同じ上位語をもつもの):

Hyponyms (Specific examples)(下位語):

Derivationally Related Words(派生語)

Derivationally Related Words: arduousness, difficultness, hardness, heaviness, intemperateness, labor, laboriousness, operoseness, severeness, toilsomeness, voicelessness

Categories(カテゴリー)

Domain Categories: psychology

Usage Category: literary

Usage Context: conversation, descriptive

Grammatical Notes:

comparative-er

Prefixes/Suffixes(接頭辞/接尾辞)

Prefixes(接頭辞):

Suffixes(接尾辞):

Exam Level

中学レベル

英検5級

Media Appearance(メディア登場例)

Books(洋書): Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Atomic Habits, Diary of a Wimpy Kid 1, Holes

Movies(映画): Big Hero 6, Finding Nemo, Frozen, The Bad Guys, Zootopia

Other Information(その他)

Is Abstract?(抽象的な言葉?) No

Is Emotion Word?(感情的な言葉?) No

Emotion Categories: