ferment

/fərˈmɛnt/

意味: 発酵、騒動

例文: Philo studied the science of vegetable ferment.
　　  フィロは野菜の発酵科学を研究した。

言葉のよくある組み合わせ: ferment food(食品を発酵させる), ferment process(発酵過程), ferment culture(発酵文化)

定義: 微生物が糖を分解してアルコールや酸を作る過程を指します。食品や飲料を保存したり、風味を良くしたりするために使われます。発酵はパン、ヨーグルト、ビールなどの製造に重要です。

fermentは約1,000,000語に1回程度の頻出度です。

口語性、形式性、抽象度、感情度

水平グラフ: 会話での使われやすさ、フォーマル度、抽象度（具体・概念）、感情度を示します。数値が高いほど、その特徴が強いことを表します。

感情分析

レーダーチャート: 怒り、期待、嫌悪、恐れ、喜び、悲しみ、驚き、信頼、ポジティブ、ネガティブの強さを示します。

　年代別単語頻度グラフ

このグラフは、1900年からの単語出現頻度の推移を示しています。値は ×10⁻⁸ スケールで表示されています。

　

Definitions(定義)

Noun: a state of agitation or turbulent change or development
Noun: a substance capable of bringing about fermentation
Noun: a process in which an agent causes an organic substance to break down into simpler substances; especially, the anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol
Verb: be in an agitated or excited state
Verb: work up into agitation or excitement
Verb: cause to undergo fermentation
Verb: go sour or spoil

Parts of Speech(品詞)

Noun, Verb

Examples(例文)

感情分析に使用された例文：

The grapes begin to ferment in the warm cellar.(ブドウは暖かい地下室で発酵し始める。)
Yeast helps ferment sugar into alcohol during brewing.(酵母は醸造中に糖をアルコールに発酵させる。)
Ideas can ferment slowly before turning into action.(アイデアは行動に移る前にゆっくり熟成する。)

 

Word Netから抽出した例文：

Noun: the political ferment produced new leadership
Noun: social unrest
Verb: The Middle East is fermenting
Verb: Her mind ferments
Verb: Islam is fermenting Africa
Verb: We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content
Verb: The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats
Verb: The milk has soured
Verb: The wine worked
Verb: The cream has turned–we have to throw it out

Synonyms/Antonyms(類語/反意語)

Synonyms(類語): agitation, ferment, fermentation, fermenting, sour, tempestuousness, turn, unrest, work, zymolysis, zymosis

Antonyms(反意語):

Hypernyms/Hyponyms(上位語/下位語)

Hypernyms (General categories)(上位語): change state, chemical process, convert, inflame, seethe, substance, turbulence

Coordinate Terms(同じ上位語をもつもの): acidify, acylation, adulterant, agent, agglutination, agitation, alkalize, allergen, amylolysis, antigen, assay, association, be born, become, better, bluing, boil, break, bubble over, burn, calcification, calcify, calm, caramelize, carbonize, carcinogen, carnify, catalysis, catalyze, chelation, chemical irritant, chemical reaction, chlorination, chondrify, citrate, cleavage, close, clot, cloud over, coke, come to, compost, conceive, concentrate, cool, corrosion, cracking, cross-fertilize, curdle, cutinize, de-iodination, deaden, deamination, decalcification, decarboxylation, demineralization, denaturant, denitrify, desalination, diazotize, die, digestion, digestive, disengage, dissociation, dissolve, dress, duplex, emaciate, emancipate, empty, emulsify, encode, equilibrate, erupt, esterify, etherify, explode, fall, ferment, feudalize, fill, flour, fluctuate, fomentation, food, fossilize, freeze, frenchify, fuel, gain, gasification, gassing, get into, get worse, hay, heat, homogenize, humectant, humify, hydrocolloid, hydrogenation, inhibitor, inoculant, integrate, intumescence, inversion, iodination, ionize, jelly, keratinize, leaven, ligand, lignify, liquefy, lubricant, lysin, malt, mechanism, metabolite, mineralize, nitrification, nitrify, novelize, nutrient, opalize, open, ossify, overgrow, ozonize, peptization, philosopher’s stone, photosynthesis, poison, polymerization, precipitate, precipitation, propellant, proteolysis, pyrochemical process, pyrogen, rasterize, react, receive, reclaim, reconvert, reduce, refrigerant, relax, roller coaster, scrap, secularize, sequestration, sizzle, slag, solvate, sorb, sour, sporulate, sulfate, syneresis, synthesis, tan, tense, thicken, thin, thrive, thrombose, transamination, transcribe, transition, vehicle, verbalize, violence, wake up, worsen, zonk out, zymosis

Hyponyms (Specific examples)(下位語): bottom fermentation, top fermentation, vinification, vinify

Derivationally Related Words(派生語)

Derivationally Related Words: ferment, fermentation, fermenting, souring, tempestuous, zymolytic, zymotic

Categories(カテゴリー)

Domain Categories: general

Usage Category: common

Usage Context: descriptive

Grammatical Notes:
intransitive verb, transitive verb

Prefixes/Suffixes(接頭辞/接尾辞)

Prefixes(接頭辞):

Suffixes(接尾辞): ment

Exam Level

英検1級

Media Appearance(メディア登場例)

Books(洋書):

Movies(映画):

Other Information(その他)

Is Abstract?(抽象的な言葉?) Yes

Is Emotion Word?(感情的な言葉?) Yes

Emotion Categories: anticipation, negative