circulation

/ˌsɜːrkjəˈleɪʃən/

意味: 循環、流通、発行部数

例文: Philo measured leaf circulation with a stopwatch.
　　  フィロが葉っぱの循環をストップウォッチで測定。

言葉のよくある組み合わせ: blood circulation(血液循環), air circulation(空気循環), library circulation(図書館貸出)

定義: 物や情報がある場所から別の場所へ動くことを指します。特に、血液が体内を流れることや、空気が部屋の中を動くことを表します。また、図書館で本が貸し出されることも「循環」と言います。

circulationは約100,000語に1回程度の頻出度です。

口語性、形式性、抽象度、感情度 - 横向き棒グラフ

水平グラフ: 会話での使われやすさ、フォーマル度、抽象度（具体・概念）、感情度を示します。数値が高いほど、その特徴が強いことを表します。

感情分析 レーダーチャート

感情グラフ: 怒り、期待、嫌悪、恐れ、喜び、悲しみ、驚き、信頼、ポジティブ、ネガティブの強さを示します。

Definitions(定義)

Noun: the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines)
Noun: movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels
Noun: (library science) the count of books that are loaned by a library over a specified period
Noun: number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold
Noun: free movement or passage (as of cytoplasm within a cell or sap through a plant)
Noun: the spread or transmission of something (as news or money) to a wider group or area

Parts of Speech(品詞)

Noun

Examples(例文)

The book’s popularity increased, boosting its circulation significantly.(その本の人気が高まり、発行部数が大幅に増加した。)
I just got my new magazine; can’t wait to check its circulation!(新しい雑誌が届いたばかりで、発行部数を確認するのが待ちきれない！)
The study examined the impact of exercise on blood circulation among adults.(この研究は、成人における運動が血液循環に与える影響を調査した。)
Noun: by increasing its circulation the newspaper hoped to increase its advertising
Noun: ocean circulation is an important part of global climate
Noun: a fan aids air circulation

Synonyms/Antonyms(類語/反意語)

Synonyms(類語): circulation

Antonyms(反意語):

Hypernyms/Hyponyms(上位語/下位語)

Hypernyms (General categories)(上位語): change of location, count, dissemination, organic phenomenon, spread

Coordinate Terms(同じ上位語をもつもの): abiogenesis, alternation of generations, annual ring, ascension, bioelectricity, blood count, body count, circulation, complement, creep, cyclosis, death, decay, decentralization, dehiscence, descent, desquamation, diapedesis, dispersion, dominance, entrance, exfoliation, facilitation, fall, flow, food chain, food pyramid, food web, gene expression, gravitation, head count, histocompatibility, levitation, life, life cycle, pleomorphism, pollen count, polymorphism, progress, propagation, recognition, rejection, rejuvenation, rise, scatter, sex linkage, sperm count, spread, stampede, translation

Hyponyms (Specific examples)(下位語): pulmonary circulation, recirculation, systemic circulation, vitelline circulation

Derivationally Related Words(派生語)

Derivationally Related Words: circulate

Categories(カテゴリー)

Domain Categories: economics, science

Usage Category: formal

Usage Context: general

Grammatical Notes:

countable noun

Prefixes/Suffixes(接頭辞/接尾辞)

Prefixes(接頭辞):

Suffixes(接尾辞): ation

Exam Level

TOEIC500

Media Appearance(メディア登場例)

Books(洋書):

Movies(映画):

Other Information(その他)

Is Abstract?(抽象的な言葉?) Yes

Is Emotion Word?(感情的な言葉?) No

Emotion Categories: