stiffen

/ˈstɪf.ən/

意味: 硬くなる

例文: June’s back stiffened during the lecture.
　　  ジューンの背中は講義中に硬くなった。

言葉のよくある組み合わせ: muscles stiffen (筋肉が硬くなる), stiffen resolve (決意を固める), stiffen penalty (罰則を厳しくする)

定義: 物や体が硬くなることを指します。柔らかいものが固くなったり、動きにくくなったりする状態を表します。感情や態度が強くなることも意味します。

stiffenは約3,000,000語に1回程度の頻出度です。

口語性、形式性、抽象度、感情度 - 横向き棒グラフ

水平グラフ: 会話での使われやすさ、フォーマル度、抽象度（具体・概念）、感情度を示します。数値が高いほど、その特徴が強いことを表します。

感情分析 レーダーチャート

感情グラフ: 怒り、期待、嫌悪、恐れ、喜び、悲しみ、驚き、信頼、ポジティブ、ネガティブの強さを示します。

Definitions(定義)

Verb: become stiff or stiffer
Verb: make stiff or stiffer
Verb: restrict

Parts of Speech(品詞)

Verb

Examples(例文)

感情分析に使用された例文：

The cold made her muscles stiffen quickly.(寒さで彼女の筋肉がすぐに硬くなった。)
He tried to stiffen his resolve before the speech.(彼はスピーチの前に意志を強くしようとした。)
The glue will stiffen as it dries.(接着剤は乾くと硬くなる。)

 

Word Netから抽出した例文：

Verb: He stiffened when he saw his boss enter the room
Verb: Stiffen the cream by adding gelatine
Verb: Tighten the rules
Verb: stiffen the regulations

Synonyms/Antonyms(類語/反意語)

Synonyms(類語): constrain, stiffen, tighten, tighten up

Antonyms(反意語): loosen

Hypernyms/Hyponyms(上位語/下位語)

Hypernyms (General categories)(上位語): change, restrict

Coordinate Terms(同じ上位語をもつもの): accelerate, acerbate, acetylate, achromatize, activate, adjust, affect, age, alchemize, alcoholize, alkalinize, allegorize, alter, americanize, angulate, animize, antiquate, antique, archaize, arterialize, ascend, ash, assibilate, assimilate, assume, automatize, awaken, baffle, barb, barbarize, bestialize, better, blind, blister, blunt, blur, boil, break, break down, break into, brighten, bring, brutalize, bubble, calcify, camp, capacitate, capture, carbonate, caseate, catch, catch on, cause to sleep, centralize, change by reversal, change integrity, change intensity, change magnitude, change posture, change shape, change state, change surface, change taste, charge, chasten, check, circularize, civilize, clamp down, clarify, classicize, clean, clear, clinker, clot, cloud, coarsen, cohere, collapse, color, come, come in, come round, commercialize, communize, commute, complexify, complicate, concretize, condense, confuse, conjugate, constitutionalize, contaminate, conventionalize, convert, cook, cool, corrupt, counterchange, crack, crash, creolize, cry, cure, customize, damage, darken, dawn, de-emphasize, deaden, deaminate, decalcify, decarboxylate, decay, decelerate, decentralize, decimalize, decorate, decrease, decrepitate, deepen, defervesce, deflate, deform, dehydrogenate, demagnetize, demist, democratize, demonize, demulsify, demythologize, denationalize, denaturalize, denature, deodorize, deoxidize, depersonalize, depolarize, desalinate, desensitize, destabilize, detransitivize, devalue, develop, devilize, die, digest, digitize, dim, dinge, dirty, disable, discolor, disharmonize, disintegrate, disorder, disqualify, dissimilate, dissolve, distill, diversify, dizzy, domesticate, dope, draw, draw the line, dress, drift, drop, dry, dull, dynamize, ease up, edit, embrittle, empty, emulsify, enable, end, equal, eroticize, estrange, etherealize, etiolate, europeanize, evaporate, even, excite, extend, exteriorize, fail, fall, fall for, fatten, felt, feminize, fertilize, fill, fix, flatten, flip, flocculate, fly, fold, form, format, foul, freeze, frenchify, freshen, full, gate, gel, gelatinize, give way, glamorize, glaze, glorify, go out, gradate, grow, gum, habituate, hamper, harden, harmonize, harshen, have, heat, hue, humanize, humble, hush, hydrate, hydrogenate, hydrolyze, ice up, immaterialize, immortalize, inactivate, incandesce, increase, indispose, indurate, industrialize, inflate, inform, inhibit, inseminate, insulate, intensify, internationalize, introject, introvert, invalidate, invert, iodinate, ionate, ionize, islamize, isomerize, keratinize, laicize, leave, legitimate, lend, liberalize, lifehack, lift, lighten, liquefy, loosen, louden, lower, lubricate, magnetize, make, mark, mark off, masculinize, mature, mechanize, mellow, militarize, mince, mix, modernize, modify, mold, morph, move, muddy, mutate, mythologize, narrow, nationalize, naturalize, nazify, neutralize, nick, normalize, obfuscate, obscure, obsolesce, occidentalize, occult, officialize, opacify, opalize, opsonize, orientalize, ossify, outmode, oxidise, oxidize, oxygenize, paganize, pall, parallel, pass, patent, personalize, piggyback, plasticize, play out, poison, polarize, politicize, port, prim, professionalize, promote, proof, prostrate, purify, put, radicalize, rarefy, rationalize, recede, receive, recombine, recommend, reconstruct, reduce, refine, reflate, reform, refresh, regenerate, regress, rejuvenate, relax, remodel, reorient, repress, restore, restrain, resume, reticulate, revolutionize, right, ripen, rise, roll, romanticize, round off, rule, rusticate, salinate, sanitize, saponify, saturate, sauce, schematize, scramble, sensitize, sentimentalize, separate, sequester, set, settle, sexualize, shade, shake, shallow, shape, sharpen, shear, shift, shorten, simplify, slenderize, smoothen, smut, sober, socialize, soften, solarize, solemnize, solvate, spice, spike, spot, sputter, stabilize, stagnate, stain, steepen, stiffen, still, straighten, stratify, strengthen, string, sublime, substitute, suburbanize, suffuse, superannuate, supercharge, supple, suspend, sweeten, swing, switch, symmetrize, synchronize, synthesize, tame, tender, tense, territorialize, thicken, think, tie, tighten, tone down, touch, transaminate, transfigure, transform, transitivize, translate, transmute, transpire, transpose, turn, turn back, turn on, uglify, ulcerate, unclutter, undergo, undulate, uniformize, unite, unsanctify, unscramble, unsex, untie, untune, urbanize, validate, variegate, vascularize, ventilate, verbify, vesiculate, visualize, vitalize, vitrify, vivify, volatilize, vulcanize, vulgarise, warm, warm up, weaken, weaponize, wet, widen, worsen

Hyponyms (Specific examples)(下位語): buckram, rigidify, starch

Derivationally Related Words(派生語)

Derivationally Related Words: stiffener, stiffening

Categories(カテゴリー)

Domain Categories: general

Usage Category: common

Usage Context: descriptive

Grammatical Notes:
intransitive verb, transitive verb

Prefixes/Suffixes(接頭辞/接尾辞)

Prefixes(接頭辞):

Suffixes(接尾辞): en

Exam Level

英検準1級

Media Appearance(メディア登場例)

Books(洋書):

Movies(映画): Frozen

Other Information(その他)

Is Abstract?(抽象的な言葉?) No

Is Emotion Word?(感情的な言葉?) No

Emotion Categories: