suffering

/ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

意味: 苦しみ

例文: Lena painted her suffering in dark colors.
　　  レナは苦しみを暗い色で描いた。

言葉のよくある組み合わせ: mental suffering(精神的苦痛), physical suffering(身体的苦痛), human suffering(人間の苦しみ)

定義: 苦しみや痛みを感じる状態や経験のことです。身体的な痛みや精神的な苦痛を指すことが多く、病気や怪我、心の悩みなどが原因で起こります。人が困難な状況に直面しているときに使われることが多いです。

sufferingは約30,000語に1回程度の頻出度です。

Definitions(定義)

Noun: a state of acute pain
Noun: misery resulting from affliction
Noun: psychological suffering
Noun: feelings of mental or physical pain
Verb: undergo or be subjected to
Verb: undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)
Verb: experience (emotional) pain
Verb: put up with something or somebody unpleasant
Verb: get worse
Verb: feel pain or be in pain
Verb: feel physical pain
Verb: feel unwell or uncomfortable
Verb: be given to
Verb: undergo or suffer
Verb: be set at a disadvantage
Adjective: troubled by pain or loss
Adjective: very unhappy; full of misery

Parts of Speech(品詞)

Noun, Verb, Adjective

Examples(例文)

Noun: the death of his wife caused him great distress
Verb: He suffered the penalty
Verb: Many saints suffered martyrdom
Verb: She suffered a fracture in the accident
Verb: He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
Verb: She got a bruise on her leg
Verb: He got his arm broken in the scuffle
Verb: Every time her husband gets drunk, she suffers
Verb: I cannot bear his constant criticism
Verb: The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
Verb: he learned to tolerate the heat
Verb: She stuck out two years in a miserable marriage
Verb: His grades suffered
Verb: Were you hurting after the accident?
Verb: She is suffering from the hot weather
Verb: She suffers from a tendency to talk too much
Verb: meet a violent death
Verb: suffer a terrible fate
Verb: This author really suffers in translation
Adjective: suffering refugees
Adjective: he felt depressed and miserable
Adjective: a message of hope for suffering humanity
Adjective: wretched prisoners huddled in stinking cages

Synonyms/Antonyms(類語/反意語)

Synonyms(類語): abide, ache, agony, bear, brook, digest, distress, endure, excruciation, get, have, hurt, lose, meet, miserable, put up, stand, stick out, stomach, suffer, suffering, support, sustain, tolerate, woe, wretched

Antonyms(反意語): be well, enjoy

Hypernyms/Hyponyms(上位語/下位語)

Hypernyms (General categories)(上位語): be, experience, feel, misery, pain, perceive, permit, tend, worsen

Coordinate Terms(同じ上位語をもつもの): abound, accept, account, account for, ache, act, admit, agony, allow, anger, answer, appear, apperceive, arthralgia, authorize, bake, balance, be well, beat, begin, belong, breathe, burn, buy, catch, causalgia, chafe, chest pain, chiralgia, clean, cohere, colic, come, come in for, come in handy, compact, compare, concentration camp, confuse, connect, consist, contain, continue, cool off, cost, count, cover, cut, cut across, deck, depend, deprive, deserve, devolve, die, digest, disagree, distress, distribute, diverge, divine, draw, dream, dysmenorrhea, end, enjoy, fail, fall, feel, figure, find, fit, fly high, fume, furlough, gape, give, glossalgia, glow, go, gravitate, growing pains, hail, hallucinate, hang, harbor, head, hear, hemorrhoid, hold, hoodoo, horripilate, hum, hurt, impend, incarnate, incline, inflame, iridesce, jumble, keratalgia, kill, know, labor pain, legalize, lend, let go, lie, listen, litter, living death, loiter, look, lubricate, make, make sense, mastalgia, measure, melagra, mental anguish, meralgia, metralgia, misperceive, mope, myalgia, nephralgia, neuralgia, object, odynophagia, orchidalgia, osculate, owe, pang, pay, photalgia, pick up, pleurodynia, podalgia, point, press, pride, privilege, proctalgia, promise, prove, put out, rage, range, rank, rate, recapture, recognize, referred pain, regress, rejoice, relate, remain, renal colic, repent, represent, rest, retard, run, run into, rut, sadden, see, see through, seem, seethe, sell, shine, sicken, slip, smart, smell, smolder, sparkle, specify, spy, squat, stagnate, stand, stand by, stay, stick, sting, stink, stitch, subtend, suck, suffer, suffering, suit, swim, swing, sympathize, take, take kindly to, take pride, taste, tend, tenderness, test, thermalgesia, throb, torture, total, touch, translate, transplant, trim, trust, tumble, turn down, ulalgia, underlie, unpleasantness, urodynia, want, wash, wind, witness, work

Hyponyms (Specific examples)(下位語): accept, agonize, agony, ail, anguish, bear up, break down, catch, crack up, cramp, die, discomfort, freeze, gag, grieve, have, kill, lose, passion, pay, prick, self-torture, sit out, stand for, starve, swelter, take a joke, take lying down, throe, throes, tolerate, tsoris, twinge, wound

Derivationally Related Words(派生語)

Derivationally Related Words: abidance, ache, aching, agonal, agonise, agonist, agonize, bearable, distress, endurance, excruciate, hurt, hurting, miserableness, suffer, sufferance, sufferer, suffering, tolerance, tolerant, toleration, wretchedness

Categories(カテゴリー)

Domain Categories: medical, psychology

Usage Category: common

Usage Context: conversation, descriptive, emotional, online

Grammatical Notes:
intransitive verb, transitive verb

Prefixes/Suffixes(接頭辞/接尾辞)

Prefixes(接頭辞):

Suffixes(接尾辞): ing

Exam Level

大学受験レベル

英検準2級

Media Appearance(メディア登場例)

Books(洋書): Holes

Movies(映画):

Other Information(その他)

Is Abstract?(抽象的な言葉?) Yes

Is Emotion Word?(感情的な言葉?) Yes

Emotion Categories: disgust, fear, negative, sadness