scratch

/skræʧ/

意味: 引っかき傷

例文: Momo left a scratch on the sofa.
　　  モモがソファに引っかき傷をつけた。

言葉のよくある組み合わせ: scratch the surface(表面を引っかく), start from scratch(ゼロから始める), scratch one’s head(頭をかく)

定義: 何かを爪や鋭いもので引っかくこと、またはその跡。かゆいところをかくことも含まれます。物の表面に傷をつけることや、計画や仕事を最初から始めることを指すこともあります。

scratchは約70,000語に1回程度の頻出度です。

口語性、形式性、抽象度、感情度 - 横向き棒グラフ

水平グラフ: 会話での使われやすさ、フォーマル度、抽象度（具体・概念）、感情度を示します。数値が高いほど、その特徴が強いことを表します。

感情分析 レーダーチャート

感情グラフ: 怒り、期待、嫌悪、恐れ、喜び、悲しみ、驚き、信頼、ポジティブ、ネガティブの強さを示します。

Definitions(定義)

Noun: an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off
Noun: a depression scratched or carved into a surface
Noun: informal terms for money
Noun: a competitor who has withdrawn from competition
Noun: a line indicating the location of the start of a race or a game
Noun: dry mash for poultry
Noun: a harsh noise made by scraping
Noun: poor handwriting
Noun: (golf) a handicap of zero strokes
Noun: an indication of damage
Verb: cause friction
Verb: cut the surface of; wear away the surface of
Verb: scrape or rub as if to relieve itching
Verb: postpone indefinitely or annul something that was scheduled
Verb: remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line
Verb: gather (money or other resources) together over time
Verb: carve, cut, or etch into a material or surface

Parts of Speech(品詞)

Noun, Verb

Examples(例文)

感情分析に使用された例文：

I accidentally scratch my arm on the tree branch.(うっかり木の枝で腕をかきむしった。)
The cat loves to scratch the furniture.(猫は家具を引っかくのが好きだ。)
She tried to scratch the lottery ticket but found no prize.(彼女は宝くじをこすったが、当たりはなかった。)

 

Word Netから抽出した例文：

Noun: the scrape of violin bows distracted her
Noun: a golfer who plays at scratch should be able to achieve par on a course
Verb: my sweater scratches
Verb: Don’t scratch your insect bites!
Verb: Call off the engagement
Verb: cancel the dinner party
Verb: we had to scrub our vacation plans
Verb: scratch that meeting–the chair is ill
Verb: Please strike this remark from the record
Verb: scratch that remark
Verb: She had scraped together enough money for college
Verb: they scratched a meager living
Verb: engrave a pen
Verb: engraved the trophy cupt with the winner’s
Verb: the lovers scratched their names into the bark of the tree

Synonyms/Antonyms(類語/反意語)

Synonyms(類語): abrasion, boodle, bread, cabbage, cacography, call off, cancel, chafe, chicken feed, clams, come up, dent, dinero, dough, engrave, excise, excoriation, expunge, fray, fret, gelt, grave, incision, inscribe, itch, kale, lettuce, lolly, loot, lucre, mark, moolah, pelf, prick, rub, scar, scrape, scrape up, scraping, scratch, scratch line, scratch up, scratching, scrawl, scribble, scrub, shekels, simoleons, slit, start, starting line, strike, sugar, wampum

Antonyms(反意語):

Hypernyms/Hyponyms(上位語/下位語)

Hypernyms (General categories)(上位語): blemish, carve, delete, depression, handicap, handwriting, incise, irritate, line, mash, money, noise, rival, roll up, touch, wound

Coordinate Terms(同じ上位語をもつもの): abrasion, appropriation, attach, bale, balkline, bang, banging, bark, baseline, birthmark, bite, blackhead, blare, boodle, boom, border, burn, calligraphy, catch, chafe, champion, chatter, chatter mark, check, chicken feed, chisel, chug, clack, clang, clatter, cling, collect, comer, corral, cover, crack, crackle, creak, crevice, crunch, cut, dent, dimple, ding-dong, dip, engrave, erase, explosion, finalist, finishing line, foe, foul line, front-runner, fund, girdle, goal line, grate, grinding, groove, grunt, hiss, howl, hubbub, hug, hum, incision, king, laceration, lean on, longhand, lump, mole, notch, pant, penalty, plonk, plop, plump, racket, rattle, raw wound, red line, report, rhonchus, rub, rumble, run up, runner-up, rustle, sag, scrape, scratch, screech, scribble, scrimmage line, scrunch, semifinalist, service line, shinplaster, shorthand, shrilling, sideline, sizzle, slam, slit, smudge, snap, snore, spatter, splash, squawk, squeak, squish, start, stigma, stigmata, street fighter, stridulation, strike, subsidization, surround, swoosh, thunder, tier, tilter, token money, wart, whitehead, worry, wrinkle, yard line

Hyponyms (Specific examples)(下位語): character, chicken scratch, claw, graze, nickel-and-dime, rope burn, score, scuff, squiggle

Derivationally Related Words(派生語)

Derivationally Related Words: abrade, cabbage, cancellation, chafe, dent, engraver, excision, excoriate, expunction, expunging, incise, incisive, itch, mark, prick, rub, rubbing, scar, scrape, scratch, scratcher, scratchy, scrawl, scribble, slit

Categories(カテゴリー)

Domain Categories: economics

Usage Category: formal

Usage Context: business, descriptive

Grammatical Notes:
intransitive verb, transitive verb
countable noun

Prefixes/Suffixes(接頭辞/接尾辞)

Prefixes(接頭辞):

Suffixes(接尾辞):

Exam Level

Media Appearance(メディア登場例)

Books(洋書): Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Diary of a Wimpy Kid 1, Holes

Movies(映画): The Bad Guys

Other Information(その他)

Is Abstract?(抽象的な言葉?) Yes

Is Emotion Word?(感情的な言葉?) No

Emotion Categories: